Unaccepted Records of Species not on State Checklist

Mandarin Duck,  Aix galericulata

One male (2005-13) on 2 January 2005, Iberville: Spanish Lake; C. W. Wright (DLD 8293). Most interesting was that a hunter shot this free-flying bird from a formation of Wood Ducks! Nevertheless, the Committee assumed that this Asian native that is commonly kept in zoos and aviaries in the US had at some point escaped or been released from captivity.

Baikal Teal,  Anas formosa

(1974-01; was 81-1). One adult male taken in season on 7 November 1974 by hunter James Lee and prepared by GHL (LSUMZ 80123). It is uncertain whether or not this was a wild bird. Further information, however, may bring about recirculation of this record.

White-cheeked Pintail,  Anas bahamensis

One juvenile female (2017-033) on 25 July 2017, Cameron: Rockefeller Refuge; (ph). This would represent the first state occurrence. An in-hand photo was provided and the identification was not in doubt. However, the one photo did not show important parts (wing tips, tail, legs/feet) of the bird that might show signs of captivity, and there was no discussion of possible captive origin. The burden of proof is on reporting observers to provide the level of detail necessary for the LBRC to make an informed decision about probability of wild or captive origin. This species is commonly sold and commonly kept in captivity in the USA (Howell et al. in Rare Birds consider it “popular in captivity”). There are enough reported escapes of exotic waterfowl detected in Louisiana that extreme caution is advisable when considering a potential vagrant species. For species commonly kept in captivity, a wild-banded individual is probably required to support natural origin.

Garganey,  Anas querquedula

One male (2009-020) on 28 April 2009, Cameron: E. side Arceneaux Rd., ca 0.1 mi. S intersection with Pine Pasture Rd. This would have represented a first state occurrence, but photos were not obtained and the description was relatively brief and superficial. Although the description was suggestive of this distinctive species/plumage, all Members were in agreement that the report was not adequate to add the species to the Hypothetical List.

"Eurasian" Green-winged Teal,  Anas crecca crecca/nimia

One adult male (1996-12) on 4 Feb 1996, Orleans: New Orleans, Recovery One Road; NASFN50(2):180. All but one member believed that the documentation (no photographs) was inadequate to add this subspecies (and possible future species split) to the State List. In addition to identification of the "subspecies," provenance would also have to be taken into consideration.

Ringed Teal,  Callonetta leucophrys

One pair (2010-116) on 20 August 2010, Vermilion: near intersection of Gladu and Shams roads. The photographs submitted leave no doubt as to the identity of these ducks.This South American species is common in captivity and escape from captivity is a more plausible explanation of its presence in Vermilion Parish than as a natural vagrant. In the future, this sighting could have greater relevance if more individuals are discovered or a population becomes established. The committee welcomes submissions of records for all exotic species, even those with little chance of natural vagrancy, so that occurrence of exotics is documented.

 

Barrow’s Goldeneye Clangula islandica

 

One female (2011-060) on 20 December 2011, St. Bernard: Bayou Bienvenue; Louisiana Sportsman (February 2012) article by Alicia LaFont. This would represent a first state occurrence and thus acceptance would require examination/ measurements of the specimen, or the very least photographs of the freshly killed bird to document bill coloration, as well as vouch for “proof-of-death” location, date, etc. Whereas the color of the bill was painted yellow by the taxidermist and therefore suggests a Barrow’s, neither the bill shape, nor head profile appeared outside the range of a female Common Goldeneye. Unfortunately, the specimen was not deposited in an accredited collection and may now be lost.

Ring-necked Pheasant,  Phasianus colchicus

One adult male (95-68) on 27 May 1995, Cameron: Gum Cove Ferry at Intracoastal Canal (ph). Although small numbers may persist for short periods near sport hunting release sites, there is no evidence that this species is established as a viable permanent resident in Louisiana.

Clark’s Grebe,  Aechmophorus clarkii

One (2014-107) on 30 October 2014, Union: D’Arbonne Lake at boat launch road N of Hwy. 33. Photographs showed an obvious Aechmophorus and were suggestive of Clark’s but did not convincingly identify that species, which would represent Louisiana’s first state record. The record was accepted as Aechmophorus sp.

White-crowned Pigeon,  Patagioenas leucocephala

One (2016-016) on 7 May 2016, Gulf of Mexico: approximately 200 mi. SSE mouth Mississippi River; N26.1877o, W88.1516 o. Most Members considered this an intriguing report that occurred at the outer boundary of the state’s offshore waters. A first state occurrence requires hard evidence and, unfortunately, no photos were obtained. Although a distinctive species, one Member postulated that a Rock Pigeon (examples can show plumage similar to this species) could not be eliminated by the description. Another Member was concerned that, because White-crowned Pigeons turn up in the pet trade, an escape could be involved.

Red-billed Pigeon,  Columba flavirostris

One (89-46) on 20 Jan. 1989, East Baton Rouge: Baton Rouge. The description did not eliminate a variant Rock Dove (Columba livia) with rusty brown plumage.

Pauraque,  Nyctidromus albicollis

One (86-58) on 26 Apr. 1982, Cameron: Rockefeller State Wildlife Refuge, levee at end of Price Lake Road. The record is supported only by written details of a very brief (45 second) observation from only one of two observers. The primary field mark that the observer used to identify this species was the white stripe in the primaries. This characteristic is not unique to Pauraque and is shared not only by nighthawks but some other neotropical caprimulgids. The diagnostic tail pattern was not described. The details of this observation do not warrant the addition of this species to the Louisiana list. In addition, Pauraque does not exhibit a pattern of vagrancy.

Tawny-collared Nightjar,  Antrostomus salvini

One (1995-173) on 5 Jun 1995, Plaquemines: Baptiste Collette Bayou, “Plover Island.” The record was submitted as “possibly pertaining to this species,” but the description does not fit this sedentary eastern Mexican species and is more consistent with a juvenile Common Nighthawk.

White-collared Swift,  Streptoprocne zonaris

One (89-146) on 23 Sep 1989, Jefferson: Grand Isle, E. end of island near Grand Isle State Park observation tower; AB 44(1): 106. This record received a final 3-4 vote after three circulations. Members struggled with the choice of either accepting a brief, naked eye, but relatively good description from a reliable observer, or considering any singleperson sight record of a first state record to be unacceptable (regardless of the observer or circumstances of the observation). Most Members believed that the observer did see this species, but that the circumstances and associated documentation were insufficient for acceptance. The Committee ultimately chose the conservative approach. This record completed review before the implementation of the mandatory photo-specimen policy for first state records.

White-throated Swift ,  Aeronautes saxatalis

One (2001-01) on 4 Apr 2001, St. James: Gramercy. Although most members were inclined to believe that the observer saw this species, it was a very brief observation (5 seconds) of a species that would be new for the state. Additionally, some members noted that the observer did not specifically mention a long tail (a field character shown by White-throated and not Chaetura) or other characters (e.g., white rump patches) that would further separate this species from a possible partial albino Chimney Swift.

Spotted Redshank,  Tringa erythropus

One in near breeding plumage (1993-088) on 20 April 1993, Jefferson Davis: Parish road P-5-40, W Hwy. 99, 4 mi. N I-10. All Members believed that this sight report by a single observer was not sufficient for acceptance as a first state occurrence.

Wood Sandpiper,  Tringa glareola

(1976-01; formerly 81-19); Sight record 22 September 1976 near Fourchon, Lafourche Parish, but this alone insufficient for full admission to the official state list. Arguments for the validity of the record, however, are given in an article by Kennedy (American Birds 32(2): 139).

Skua, species,  Catharacta” sp.

One (1999-84) on 29 Oct 1999, Gulf of Mexico: 97 mi. S of New Orleans, South Pass 89B oil platform, 28°40'50²N, 89°23'15²W. This bird was reported as observed through a 60X scope at 0.75 mi. for approximately 20-30 seconds before it disappeared from view. Although identification of skua from Pomarine Jaeger may be straightforward under most circumstances, especially for an experienced observer, the duration of the observation and the distance were less than optimum, and there was no opportunity to obtain photographs. Better studies and photographic documentation would have been necessary to justify the addition of this taxon (skua sp.) to the State List.

Long-billed Murrelet (Brachyramphus perdix)

One (2016-074) on 16 December 2016, Jackson: Caney Lake (ABF card-only record). This was a potentially interesting record but was not submitted on a long form and there were few corroborating details.

Ivory Gull,  Pagophila eburnea

One (1976-03; was 81-31) at the East Jetty, Cameron Parish on 30 October 1976.

Gray Gull,  Leucophaeus modestus

One (96-14) on 11 Jan 1996, Terrebonne: Cocodrie, near Coco's Marina. The record was accompanied by an intriguing description by one of the four observers, but submitted evidence was not sufficient to confirm that the bird was a Gray Gull. LBRC members concluded that photographs would be necessary to exclude the possibility of a melanistic Laughing Gull (e.g., see Weston 1934) or Heerman's Gull. A previous record [record No. 87-30; AB 42(2): 277; ph and age correction in AB 42(4): 549] from the Sabine NWR CBC on 19-20 Dec 1987, was reviewed by the LBRC. This record received all non-accept votes (a mixture of votes not accepting identification or not accepting origin) on its first circulation. In anticipation that additional photographic documentation would be submitted and the record re-circulated to at least resolve the issue of identification, the first circulation results were never published. Again, the possibility of a melanistic individual of a more common species, especially Laughing Gull (e.g., see Weston 1934; see also Bohlen 1993 regarding a melanistic Bonaparte’s Gull) was brought up during the record's review. Additional photographs have never been received.

Black-tailed Gull,  Larus crassirostris

One in 2nd alternate plumage (1999-26) on 30 Jun 1999, Lafourche: Fourchon Beach, W of the end of Hwy. 3090 near Belle Pass. The Committee agreed following the second circulation that the description and photographs did not fit this species. The bird was more likely a hybrid “Chandeleur Gull” (see Dittmann and Cardiff 2005).

 

Common Gull  Larus canus

One first winter (2001-051) on 25-28 November 2001, Cameron: no specific locality given. This recorded was supported only by a series of photographs that all members deemed inadequate to support identification of this species.

 

Yellow-legged/Caspian Gull , Larus michahellis

 

One adult (2014-132) on 7-15 April 2014, Cameron: about 1 mi. W Holly Beach (photos). Following careful review of photos and the specimen (LSUMZ 187467), all Members were unconvinced that the bird was a pure Yellow-legged Gull. Mantle color, eye ring color, and wing tip pattern were more suggestive of a Herring Gull X Lesser Black-backed Gull hybrid.

Slaty-backed Gull,  Larus schistisagus

One third year (2009-46) on 2 May 2009, Cameron: Holly Beach. This record involves a beautifully photographed individual that could not be resolved through three circulations and went to the Discussion Round. Expert opinions were solicited during the course of its review and those opinions generally supported (moderately to enthusiastically) identification as a Slaty-backed Gull. However, four members believed that identification of this sub-adult individual as a Slaty-backed was not clear-cut. There was further concern that a hybrid could resemble this species. and, for those reasons they believed a photo-documented first state record should minimally require a definitive plumaged individual or one in a “classic” plumage, and not a “messy beast” as this gull was described by one of the outside expert reviewers.

Roseate Tern,  Sterna dougallii

One adult (83-16) at Grand Isle, Jefferson Parish, 6 April 1983.

One (89-112 A) 13 and 20 Jan. 1974, Cameron: Cameron, Calcasieu River ferry landing (AB 28(3):651), and
one (89-112B) on 27-28 Dec. 1974, Cameron: Cameron, Monkey Island ferry landing (AB 29(3):702, indicated as present until 18 Jan. 1975). Two separate records are represented here. During an earlier review of the status of Roseate Tern in Apr. 1985, the Committee mistakenly considered the two records as constituting one record, which spanned the dates 27 Dec. 1973-20 Jan. 1974, and at that time considered the one record as acceptable. The documentation for this record consists only of ABF cards written by only one of the three and four, respectively, observers that were listed as present for each record. In retrospect, the Committee decided that neither of the descriptions were adequate for eliminating other Sterna species. The difficulty of the identification, and the fact that two separate Roseate Terns would have been involved (the first bird was shot but the specimen could not be retrieved), compounded by the very unlikely time of year for a Roseate Tern to occur raises enough doubt that the presence of this species on the State List could no longer be justified. Roseate Tern was removed from the State List on 8 Sep. 1990.

One adult (2001-019) on 17 June 2001, Lafourche: near Port Fourchon along Belle Pass, about ½ mi. from jetties. Although reported by several veteran observers, all Members were hesitant to accept this potential first state occurrence without hard evidence.

Sandwich (Cayenne) Tern Thalasseus sandvicensis eurygnathus

One adult (2017-091) on 11 April 2017, Cameron: Rutherford Beach (photos). A well-documented and intriguing report, but only one member was ultimately willing to accept as Cayenne Tern. Other Members believed that some characters were not consistent with Cayenne Tern and that an aberrant Sandwich Tern was a more likely explanation. The bird’s bill was not mostly yellow and, although a percentage of Cayenne Terns are reported to have dark markings on their bill, it remains unclear whether that’s a sign of intergradation. The majority of Members believed that an acceptable Cayenne should have a mostly yellow bill. One Member suggested that the coloration of the bill – with a hint of orange – was wrong for Cayenne and wrong for a Sandwich with reduced black and perhaps may suggest an Elegant X Sandwich tern hybrid.

Elegant Tern,  Thalasseus elegans

One (2014-093) on 4 October 2014, Jefferson: Grand Isle, Grand Isle SP. This would represent the first occurrence for Louisiana. Most Members believed that this bird may well have been an Elegant Tern based on overall size, the long droopy crest, and size, shape, and color of the bill. However, the limited black approaching the eye was a noted concern by some Members and, although this character may be within the range of individual variation of Elegant Tern, it is not the ‘classic’ head pattern for this species. It is unfortunate that the bird was relatively uncooperative and observers could not obtain a more extensive series of photos. There were no photos (especially flight) that showed details of remiges, rectrices, and rump, which are important to ascertain molt/age and required to support identification of this species. Members noted that extralimital ‘orange-billed’ terns are especially problematic with hybrids known, noting a recent record of an “Elegant” Tern breeding in a Royal Tern colony in Florida with hybrid offspring suspected (see Paul et. al 2003). Elegant Terns have been confirmed in Europe (by DNA analysis; Dufour et al. 2016) where the species has been present (banded individuals) for years in Sandwich Tern colonies; hybrids have also been documented there. There are no similar studies to confirm identification of eastern US occurrences.

White-tailed Tropicbird,  Phaethon lepturus

(1975-03; was 81-21). Three birds reported in October 1975 two days prior to a hurricane in the Gulf Outlet, Mississippi River, St. Bernard Parish. Description by single observer insufficient to eliminate any of several terns.

One "pre-subadult" (1995-36) on 22 Jul 1995, Gulf of Mexico: 80 mi. S of mouth South Pass of Mississippi River, 27o37'00"N, 88o56'00" W; NASFN49(5):939. All but one member believed that a First state record should be supported by photographic documentation. The observer reported that the bird had a yellow bill and based the identification primarily on that character. The description was brief and not very detailed, which is unfortunate because the observer reported that the observation lasted approximately 30 minutes. Separation of subadult tropicbirds is difficult, especially for observers not experienced with the range of plumage variation of the genus, and members believed that non-acceptance was warranted on that basis.

One adult (2021-067) on 8 October 2021, Gulf of Mexico: N26.82o W91.54 o (ph). If accepted this would represent the first state occurrence. Most Members agreed the photographs were not adequate to support identification of this species and eliminate Red-billed.

Great Cormorant,  Phalacrocorax carbo

One immature (81-34A) at Fourchon Road, Lafourche Parish, 29 January 1978.

One or two (81-34B,C) immatures at the east end of Grand Isle, Jefferson Parish, 5 February 1978.

One (81-34D) immature at the east end of Grand Isle, Jefferson Parish, 12 February 1978.

Scarlet Ibis,  Eudocimus ruber

One adult (90-51) on 28 Jul. 1990, St. Tammany: Slidell. Although the description was brief, it nonetheless described an adult, fully-colored Scarlet Ibis. All Committee Members were in agreement that the bird was properly identified, but questioned its origin. Numbers of these birds are kept in zoos and private collections. This species has recently been removed from the ABA Checklist (DeBenedictis, in press).

 

Two (2019-048) on 1 November 2019, Cameron: near entrance to headquarters portion of Lacassine NWR. All Members agreed that photos were consistent with White Ibis that appeared pinkish due to lighting effects.

Double-toothed Kite  Harpagus bidentatus

One (2002-094) on 18 May 2002, Cameron: Johnsons Bayou, Peveto Woods Sanctuary; (watercolor sketch). This was an interesting record that languished in the files but was accompanied by a watercolor painting that strongly suggested a Double-toothed Kite and, thus, is reported here as such (rather than “Mystery Hawk,” as submitted). All Members considered this an intriguing report, but it was ultimately determined to be inadequate to accept as a first state occurrence. The only accepted US record is from Texas, 4 May 2011- an immature: https://www.texasbirdrecordscommittee.org/review-information/list-of-statements/ double-toothed-kite Photos on eBird: https://ebird.org/species/dotkit1

Snail Kite  Rostrhamus sociabilis

One immature (2022-021) on 27 April 2022, Cameron: about 2 mi. E Cameron. This would have represented the first Louisiana occurrence. Details were not sufficient to eliminate other raptors from consideration.

Short-tailed Hawk,  Buteo brachyurus

One adult male (2017-034) on 27 July 2017, Cameron: Hwy. 27, approx. ½ mi. E Cameron (ph). All Members agreed that the photo better supported identification as a Swainson’s Hawk.

One light morph adult (2018-031) on 17 March 2018, Lafayette: Lafayette, Louisiana Ave. at Pont Des Mouton. All Members agreed that the brief, naked-eye observation at some distance of a moving bird compounded by a correspondingly superficial description and lack of photos did not provide documentation adequate for a first state occurrence.

Green Kingfisher,  Chloroceryle americana

One adult male (2002-028) on 12 February 2002, St. Martin: Lake Martin. A well-written, tantalizing report, but the observation was distant and lacked hard evidence, which is problematic for a potential first state occurrence.

Lewis's Woodpecker,  Melanerpes lewis

One (1970-01; was 81-26) at Ft. Polk, Vernon Parish on 30 October 1970.

Northern “Red-shafted” Flicker,  Colaptes auratus, “cafer-type”

One male (1953-01) on 5 and 26 Dec 1953 and, presumably the same bird, on 31 Jan and 15 Feb 1954, Caddo: “Hunter Property.” An additional report on file for 24 Oct 1953, approximately 8 mi. N of Shreveport, and cards on file for 5 Dec 1953 and 7 Feb and 7 Mar 1954 likely pertain to the same bird. The card file also contains a report of a male from the same location the previous winter (4-25 Jan 1953). None of these cards have any associated descriptive details. The primary documentation for this record was submitted in the form of a letter 50 years after the observation and based on memory. At the time of these reports Redshafted Flicker was considered a different species and this (or these) record(s) would representthe first state record(s). All but two members agreed that LBRC record no. 1953-01 did not have sufficient documentation to support a first state record or eliminate a possible hybrid. To date, there is no accepted “hard evidence” record of this form for Louisiana.

One (91-37) on 6 Oct 1991, East Baton Rouge: Baton Rouge, 2420 Orpine Ave. The bird was observed flying overhead against an overcast background. The observer was only able to note “salmon-colored” underwings. Members believed that the description was too incomplete to adequately document a “Red-shafted” Flicker. Although there are approximately a dozen reports in the Louisiana bird record card file, many of which are mentioned by Lowery (1974), there are apparently no state records of this form which are substantiated by photograph or specimen.

Canary-winged Parakeet  Brotogeris versicolurus

One (1989-016) on 14 October-30 December 1989, St. John the Baptist: LaPlace. Card said present since 14 October 1989. All Members believed that the description was not sufficient to identify this species complex or to determine which member of the recently split species complex was involved- White-winged (Brotogeris versicolurus) or Yellow-chevroned (B. chiriri) parakeet- both of which are present in the exotic trade and both established and hybridize in Florida.

Loggerhead Kingbird,  Tyrannus caudifasciatus

One immature (1999-109) on 12 September 1999, Gulf of Mexico: ca 120 mi. S Cameron, Garden Banks 189 A oil platform, N 27.778611o, W 93.309444o. All Members agreed that the relatively superficial description and a lack of hard-evidence were sufficient grounds for non-acceptance of this potential first state occurrence.

Greater Pewee,  Contopus pertinax

One (2003-024) on 26 April 2003, Cameron: Peveto Woods Sanctuary. This was an interesting report, but the observer did not provide a detailed description or describe any vocalizations. Ultimately, a first state occurrence requires photographic or audio evidence to support the identification.

Dusky Flycatcher,  Empidonax oberholseri

One (89-153) on 9 Oct. 1989, Jefferson: Grand Isle. Four color photographs are included for this record of a silent Empidonax. Descriptions and photographs were suggestive of this species but did not eliminate Least Flycatcher (Empidonax minimus) from consideration. Expert opinions received from Paul E. Lehman, Jon L. Dunn, and Kenneth V. Rosenberg supported the Committee's opinion that such a record of an extralimital Empidonax would require more complete documentation in the form of voice recordings, inhand measurements, extensive photographs, or a specimen.

Hutton's Vireo,  Vireo huttoni

One (1981-35; was 81-35) at Grand Isle, Jefferson Parish on 12 April 1981.

Scrub Jay,  Aphelocoma caerulescens*

(1972-01; was 81-20). Sight record 24 October 1972 at Port Polk, Vernon Parish by single observer insufficient.[*This sighting preceded Scrub Jay split; caerulescens in the broad sense here.]

Eurasian Jackdaw,  Corvus monedula

One (95-24) on 30 Jan. 1995, Plaquemines: Venice (ph). There is no pattern of vagrancy for the Gulf Coast for this European species. The locality, at the mouth of the Mississippi River, is exposed to considerable international shipping traffic and it seems more likely that this bird was ship-assisted rather than a natural vagrant. This record can be re-reviewed if a pattern of records develops that would indicate natural origin.

Indian House Crow,  Corvus splendens

One (2008-038) on 10-18 May 2008, Cameron: Hackberry Ridge, 2 mi. WSW Johnsons Bayou School. All Members believed that a captive origin was the logical explanation for this bird’s presence. It was fairly tame, and the plumage also showed irregularities that could be attributed to recent captivity. See also LBRC 2004-23. Report and photos posted here with observer's consent.

Pied Crow,  Corvus albus

One (2004-023) from 5 January to at least 10 February 2004, Gulf of Mexico: oil platform ca 150 mi. SE of Venice. This African species is generally resident within its native distribution. It is regularly kept in captivity (even appears on TV commercials) and the individual on the platform is much more likely to have been an escape from the pet trade rather than a naturally occurring vagrant. The photographs show various signs of captivity, including apparent cage wear on the tips of the inner secondaries, rectrices, and along the outer edges of some of the primaries, some possible missing right rectrices (in one of the flight photos), and a strangely twisted back feather. The bird was also tame. Ship assisted transport is another possibility, and some might consider this a form of natural vagrancy. But, in the cases of LBRC 2008-38 and 2004-23, ship assisted transport was impossible to determine and the Committee opted to simply consider these birds as escapes from captivity.

Violet-green Swallow,  Tachycineta thalassina

One adult, probably a male (2000-020), on 26 March 2000, Gulf of Mexico: 77 mi. S Pecan Island, Vermilion 265 oil platform, N 28.5125o, W 92.45111o. Because of the brevity of the observation, resulting in an understandably rudimentary description, plus a lack of hard-evidence, all Members believed that it was more prudent to not accept this potential first state occurrence.

 

Pacific Wren,  Troglodytes pacificus

One (2020-089) on 25 October 2020, Orleans: New Orleans, Bayou Sauvage NWR, along Lake Pontchartrain levee at pipeline crossing, N30.130942o, W89892653o (audio on eBird report). Only one observer of several present submitted a report for what would represent a first state occurrence. All Members believed documentation was insufficient to accept this species to the State List because of the difficulty of teasing out the calls of the purported Pacific Wren from the other noise in the recordings, that a Pacific Wren was not visually confirmed, and also because of the potential for variation in calls of an over-excited Winter Wren responding to playback or other potentially aberrant calls of a Winter Wren.

Black Catbird,  Melanoptila glabrirostris

One (2013-075) on 3-4 June 2013, Gulf of Mexico: aboard the MV Munin Explorer; initially discovered at N24°46.68’, W89°31.55’ ca 230 mi. N Yucatan Peninsula, then riding the ship 162 mi. into Louisiana waters. It was last observed at N26°14.55’, W91°31.29’, ca 193 mi. SSE of Raccoon Island (ph). An exceptional observation of a bird discovered onboard a ship and hitching a ride into Louisiana waters, but LBRC Bylaws state “a record will not be accepted on origin when the origin is known or highly suspected to be man-assisted.”

Tricolored Munia,  Lonchura malacca

Three (2015-047) on 7 August 2015, Terrebonne: Chauvin, Bayou Sale Rd. (ph). Native of India, Sri Lanka, and southern China, this species is accepted by the AOU-Checklist as an Introduced and expanding species (North and Middle America) where currently found in the Greater Antilles, Cuba, Jamaica, Hispaniola, and Puerto Rico. Records from the Dry Tortugas, FL were considered vagrants from the established population on Cuba (fide Andrew W. Kratter, FOSRC). There are no established populations in Florida, Mississippi or Alabama. So, there is no reason to consider the species as possibly ‘Introduced’ in Louisiana at this time. It is important to track the potential arrival of exotics.

 

Pine Grosbeak (Pinicola enucleator)

 

One adult male (2005-047) on 11 February 2005, Plaquemines: Buras, 190 Tangelo Drive, N29.3445o W89.510167o. This would have represented a first state occurrence. Members unanimously agreed that documentation was not sufficient to add this species to the state list.

Common Redpoll,  Acanthis flammea

One adult (89-3) on 20 Jan, 1988, Acadia: Crowley. The description was very rudimentary. Members did not feel that the brief description by a single observer, although suggestive of this species, should warrant addition to the Louisiana list.

White-winged Crossbill,  Loxia leucoptera

Three (2006-055) on 21 January 2007, Claiborne: Hill Farm Research Station on Hwy. 9 near Homer. Viewing conditions were poor and photos could not be obtained. All Members were in agreement that the single description (which lacked critical details), and lack of hard-evidence did not warrant acceptance of this potential first state occurrence.

European Goldfinch,  Carduelis carduelis

One adult (93-62) on 25 Jan. 1994, Rapides: Alexandria (ph). One adult (94-39) on 8 June 1994, Lafayette: Lafayette (ph). European Goldfinch is a-relatively common bird in the pet trade and the two records are more likely the result of escapes rather than vagrancy from Europe. No presently established US introduced populations (AOO 1998).

Lawrence’s Goldfinch,  Spinus lawrencei

Two (93-23) on 19 Dec. 1992, Cameron: Cameron. The observer reported "two birds flying overhead, calling "tink-el." The lighting conditions were very poor and the observer was not able to see plumage details, except that the birds were small, had short conical bills, and deeply notched tails. The observer believed that the observation should be considered only hypothetical. This would have represented the first state record.

One adult male (1993-24) on 26 Dec 1992, Lafayette: approximately 5 mi. E of Carencro. Although the written description supported the identification, the submitted photographs clearly showed a somewhat aberrantly plumaged adult male American Goldfinch.

Snow Bunting,  Plectrophenax nivalis

One adult male (90-78) on 25 Oct. 1990, Tangipahoa: Amite. The details were considered inadequate to support what would represent a first state record. Although the observer indicated fair confidence in the identification, the observer was not 100% positive (as indicated on the Report Form). Some of the characters noted by the observer were incorrect for Snow Bunting (notably a white rump). The observer did address the possibility of an albinistic individual, but was confident that the bird was not a partial albino Snow Bunting or other species. The early date and odd locality (fast food restaurant) were also considered problematic.

Black-throated Sparrow,  Amphispiza bilineata

One adult (84-10) on 27 Oct. 1975, Caddo: Shreveport (Purrington 1976, p. 86). The brief description submitted by only one of two observers, who saw the bird for only a matter of seconds, was judged to be insufficient grounds for adding this species to the state list.

Saltmarsh Sparrow,  Ammospiza caudacutus

One (2014-095) on 14 October 2014, Cameron: Cameron, East Jetty Park (ph). After review of the photos, the consensus among Members was that bird was within the range of variation for Nelson’s Sparrow.

Black-cowled Oriole,  Icterus prosthemelas

One (1997-13) on 22 April 1996, Cameron: Little Pecan Island. This would have represented a first state and US record. There was only a brief description detailing a fleeting observation. All Members believed that without hard evidence it could not be accepted.

Gray-crowned Yellowthroat ,  Geothlypis poliocephala

One (89-22) on 30 Apr. 1988, Cameron: Parish Route 529, HMBS. The description provided by the observer actually eliminated this species.

One adult male (1996-87) on 22 December 1996, Cameron: about 2 mi. W of Johnsons Bayou on N side of Hwy. 82. The written description and supporting documentary notes were considered inadequate for the species’ acceptance to the State List.

Grace’s Warbler Setophaga graciae

One (2020-042) on 3 October 2020, Rapides: Hwy. 121 approximately 1⁄4 mi. W intersection Hwy. 1201. This would have represented the first state occurrence. There was no supporting hard evidence, and the description did not adequately rule out other species.

 

Kirtland's Warbler,  Setophaga kirtlandii

One (84-35) at Slidell, St, Tammany Parish, 21 September 1977.

Four (1994-079) on 12 October 1994, St. Bernard: State Bernard SP. All Members agreed that the description did not ruleout other superficially similar species, especially the much more likely Magnolia Warbler.<